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relative molecular mass:
Mass of a molecule expressed as a multiple of the mass of a hydrogen
atom.
replication fork:
Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule at which the two
daughter strands are formed and separate.
replicator:
A device able to build copies of itself when provided with raw
materials and energy.
repressor:
Protein that binds to a specific region of DNA to prevent transcription
of an adjacent gene.
RER:
see rough endoplasmic reticulum
.
residue:
General term for the unit of a polymer. That portion of a sugar,
amino acid, or nucleotide that is retained as part of the polymer
chain during the process of polymerization.
respiration:
General term for any process in a cell in which the uptake of
O2 molecules is coupled to the production
of CO2.
restriction enzyme (restriction nuclease):
One of a large number of nucleases that can cleave a DNA molecule
at any site where a specific short sequence of nucleotides occurs.
Extensively used in recombinant DNA technology.
restriction map:
Diagrammatic representation of a DNA molecule indicating the sites
of cleavage by various restriction enzymes.
retrovirus:
RNA-containing virus that replicates in a cell by first making
a double-stranded DNA intermediate.
reverse transcriptase:
Enzyme, present in retroviruses, that makes a double-stranded
DNA copy from a single-stranded RNA template molecule.
RGD:
The amino acid sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD in the
single-letter amino acid code), which is present in fibronectin
and some other extracellular matrix proteins and is recognized
by some integrins that bind these proteins.
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