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Hybridization:
Process whereby two complementary nucleic acid strands form
a double helix during an annealing period; a powerful technique
for detecting specific nucleotide sequences.
hybridoma:
Cell line used in the production of monoclonal antibodies; obtained
by fusing antibody-secreting B lymphocytes with cells of a lymphocyte
tumor.
hydrocarbon:
Compound that has only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
hydrolysis (adjective hydrolytic):
Cleavage of a covalent bond with accompanying addition of water,
- H being added to one product of the cleavage and - OH to the
other.
hydrophilic:
Polar molecule or part of a molecule that forms enough hydrogen
bonds to water to dissolve readily in water. (Literally, "water
loving.")
hydrophobic (lipophilic):
Nonpolar molecule or part of a molecule that cannot form favorable
bonding interactions with water molecules and therefore does
not dissolve in water. (Literally, "water hating.")
hydroxyl ( - OH):
Chemical group consisting of a hydrogen atom linked to an oxygen,
as in an alcohol.
hypertonic:
Describes any medium with a sufficiently high concentration of
solutes to cause water to move out of a cell due to osmosis. (From
Greek huper, over.)
hypotonic:
Describes any medium with a sufficiently low concentration of
solutes to cause water to move into a cell due to osmosis. (From
Greek hupo, under.)
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