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gene:
Region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic,
usually corresponding to a single protein or RNA. This definition
includes the entire functional unit, encompassing coding DNA
sequences, noncoding regulatory DNA sequences, and introns.
gene regulatory protein:
General name for any protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence
to alter the expression of a gene.
general transcription factor:
Any of the proteins whose assembly around the TATA box is required
for the initiation of transcription of most eucaryotic genes.
genetic code:
Set of rules specifying the correspondence between nucleotide
triplets (codons) in DNA or RNA and amino acids in proteins.
genome:
Total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism.
genomic DNA:
DNA constituting the genome of a cell or an organism. Often
used in contrast with cDNA (DNA prepared by reverse transcription
from messenger RNA).
genotype:
Genetic constitution of an individual cell or organism.
germ cells:
Precursor cells that give rise to gametes.
germ line:
The lineage of germ cells (which contribute to the formation
of a new generation of organisms), as distinct from somatic
cells (which form the body and leave no descendants).
giga- :
Prefix denoting 1E9. (From Greek gigas, giant.)
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