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C-kinase:
Ca2+-dependent protein kinase that, when activated by diacylglycerol
and an increase in the concentration of Ca2+, phosphorylates
target proteins on specific serine and threonine residues.
C terminus:
see carboxyl terminus
Ca2+-release channel:
Ion channel in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and
sarcoplasmic reticulum (in muscle cells) that releases Ca2+
into the cytosol when activated.
cadherin:
Member of a family of proteins that mediate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell
adhesion in animal tissues.
caged compound:
Organic molecule designed to change into an active form when
irradiated with light of a specific wavelength. An example is
caged ATP.
calmodulin:
Ubiquitous Ca2+-binding protein whose binding to other proteins
is governed by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Its
binding modifies the activity of many target enzymes and membrane
transport proteins.
calorie:
Unit of heat. One calorie (small "c") is the amount
of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by
1 °C. A kilocalorie is the unit used to describe the energy
content of foods.
Calvin cycle (Calvin-Benson cycle):
Major metabolic pathway by which CO2 is
fixed during photosynthesis.
CAM:
see cell-adhesion molecule
cAMP:
see cyclic AMP
CAP (catabolite gene activator protein):
Gene regulatory protein in procaryotes that, when glucose is
absent, activates genes responsible for the breakdown of alternative
carbon sources.
capsid:
Protein coat of a virus, formed by the self-assembly of one
or more protein subunits into a geometrically regular structure.
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