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cooperativity:
Phenomenon in which the binding of one ligand molecule to a
target molecule promotes the binding of successive ligand molecules.
Seen in the assembly of large complexes, as well as in enzymes
and receptors composed of multiple allosteric subunits, where
it sharpens the response to a ligand.
cosmid:
Cloning vector used to carry large segments of DNA into and
out of cells; derived from bacteriophage lambda.
co-transport (coupled transport):
Membrane transport process in which the transfer of one molecule
depends on the simultaneous or sequential transfer of a second
molecule.
coupled reaction:
Linked pair of chemical reactions in which the free energy released
by one of the reactions serves to drive the other.
covalent bond:
Stable chemical link between two atoms produced by sharing one
or more pairs of electrons.
crista (plural cristae):
(1) One of the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
(2) A sensory structure in the inner ear.
critical concentration:
Concentration of an unassembled protein, such as actin or tubulin,
that is in equilibrium with the assembled form of the protein.
crossing over:
Process whereby two homologous chromosomes break at corresponding
sites and rejoin to produce two recombined chromosomes.
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